Input Data & Bias Adjustment


ISIMIP input data can be directly accessed in the ISIMIP repository and you can find further instructions here.


ISIMIP Data

The ISIMIP framework includes bias-adjusted climate-input data sets on a 0.5°x0.5°C global grid and at daily time steps, as well as socioeconomic, both, for the historic period, as well as future projections. Furthermore, we provide static geographic data and detrended, counterfactual climate data sets.

The table below lists all input data sets available in the ISIMIP repository, where you can use the search box to limit input data sets to a chosen simulation round, data type, or to search for a specific data set. In addition to the data description in the ISIMIP protocol the table includes detailed information on specific data sets

Bias adjustment

The methods used for bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of climate model output have been updated and improved in every ISIMIP phase. Please refer to the ISIMIP fact sheets for more information.

Data set Protocol relation Data type Simulation round Description
Protocol
Direct human forcings
ISIMIP3b
Gridded future annual land transformation for the time periods 2015-2099 on a 0.5° grid based on the LUH2 v2.1f Harmonization Data Set (see Hurtt et al. 2011; Hurtt et al. 2020; https://luh.umd.edu) and harmonized with MAgPIE and IMAGE land-use allocation models for the transition from historical data. 1850soc and 2015soc contain time series constant over time by replicating the scenario-specific year. For the 'noadapt' experiments, the data are still based on varying direct human forcings in the future period according to the SSP scenario, but do not take into account the impacts of climate change under a specific RCP.
Protocol
Direct human forcings
ISIMIP3b
Gridded historical annual land transformation for the time periods 1850-2014 on a 0.5° grid based on the LUH2 v2.1f data set. 1850soc and 2015soc contain time series constant over time by replicating the scenario-specific year.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Future annual country-level and 0.5° gridded wood harvesting and harvested area fractions covering the period 2015-2099, based on the LUH2 v2.1f Harmonization Data Set (see Hurtt et al. 2011; Hurtt et al. 2020; https://luh.umd.edu) and harmonized with MAgPIE and IMAGE land-use allocation models for the transition from historical data. 1850soc and 2015soc contain time series constant over time by replicating the scenario-specific year. For the 'noadapt' experiments, the data are still based on varying direct human forcings in the future period according to the SSP scenario, but do not take into account the impacts of climate change under a specific RCP.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Interbasin water transfer (IBWT) projects abstract water from the lakes, rivers, and other sources and deliver it over extended distances for different purposes such as irrigation, domestic supply, energy production, navigation, industrial development, flood control, etc. (Shumilova et al., 2018; Sternberg, 2014)
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Historical tropical cyclone (TC) tracks, with associated gridded wind and rain fields, as well as wind exposure in terms of i) national territory affected by extreme wind speeds, ii) people exposed to extreme wind speeds, and iii) economic assets affected by extreme wind speeds. Includes all TCs from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) over the period 1950-2021. All gridded datasets are provided on a regular grid with 300 arc-seconds (1/12 degree, approximately 10 km) resolution. Temporal resolution is 3-hourly for along-track variables, and hourly for gridded variables. Additionally, gridded wind and rain fields are provided in time-aggregated form, as maximum wind speed values, and maximum 24-hourly rainfall totals, taken over the entire duration of each TC event. Wind exposure data is provided per country.
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Historical coastal water levels from the Hourly Coastal water levels with Counterfactuals (HCC) dataset. Monthly coverage from 1901 - 1978 and hourly coverage from 1979 - 2015. The data is provided on an irregular coastal grid, where the grid points are distributed equidistantly along a smoothed global coastlines with a distance of 50 km globally and 10km in Europe, with additional points added for tide gauge stations. The grid is described in Muis et all. (2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00263).
Protocol
Direct human forcings
ISIMIP3a
Gridded historical annual land transformation for the time periods 1850-2021 on a 0.5° grid based on the LUH2 v2.1f data set..
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Historical annual country-level and gridded wood harvesting and harvested area fractions covering the period 1850-2014, based on the LUH2 v2.1f Harmonization Data Set (see Hurtt et al. 2011; Hurtt et al. 2020; https://luh.umd.edu). 1850soc and 2015soc contain time series constant over time by replicating the scenario-specific year.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Country masks from the ISIpedia project.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Static gridded lakes conditions: hypsographic volume, hypsographic area, height, maximum depth, depth, volume, surface area, HydroLAKES IDs, HydroLAKES IDs for big lakes, and big lakes mask.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Upscaled map of soil textures, provided by the AgMIP project for ISIMIP3. It gives the properties of a grid cell's dominant soil texture as well the properties of the soil predominantly occurring on crop lands.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Ocean static properties: gridded sea floor depth (0.25°, 1° grid) and large marine ecosystems (0.25°, 0.5°, 1° grid).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Monthly, gridded (0.25° and 1° grid) oceanic forcing data covering the period 1961-2010.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Monthly gridded (0.5º) Flash Rate Monthly Climatology for year 2014.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Monthly gridded (0.5º) atmospheric forcing –Flash rate monthly climatology and Future flash rate–, covering the period 2010-2099.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Direct human forcings: Annual, gridded lake area fraction (percentage of lakes in a grid cell) and the lake mask (total lake surface area in a grid cell, average surface area of lakes in grid cell) data for the ISIMIP3b simulation round, covering the periods 1850-2014. It accounts for growing lake area fraction due to reservoir construction.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcings: Annual, gridded lake area fraction (percentage of lakes in a grid cell) data for the ISIMIP3a simulation round, covering the periods 1850-1900 and 1901-2021. It accounts for growing lake area fraction due to reservoir construction.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcing: Annual, site-specific forest management data covering the periods - Bily Kriz: 1997-2015, Collelongo: 1992-2012, Hyytiälä: 1995-2011, KROOF: 1997-2010, Le Bray: 1986-2009, Peitz: 1948-2011, Solling-beech: 1967-2014, Solling-spruce: 1967-2014, Soro: 1944-2010
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Direct human forcings: Annual dams and reservoirs data in a 0.5° grid and original coordinates (degree) resolution, covering the period 1850-2015.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcings: Annual dams and reservoirs data in a 0.5° grid and original coordinates (degree) resolution, covering the period 1850-2020.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3a
The data describes fishing effort by year, targeted functional group, and fishing gear. Fishing effort estimates were derived from country-level fishing fleet capacity data publicly available, following the method described in Rousseau et al (2019; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820344116) and methods improvement reported in Rousseau et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02824-6). The data coverage is global, but estimates are given at the Exclusive Economic Zone-, Large Marine Ecosystem-, and Food Agriculture Organisation-level. The data was collected for a wide range of uses, including to inform global and regional marine ecosystem models and to understand the long-term evolution of fishing and its socio-ecological implications in the global ocean.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
Direct human forcing: Annual fishing effort and catch data covering the period 1841-2014. Data comprise the nominal effort of industrial and artisanal fleets aggregated into 6 functional groups (marine ecosystems or exclusive economic zones).
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP3b
Direct human forcing: National historical GDP data for ISIMIP3b in the period 1965-2014.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcing: National historical GDP data for ISIMIP3a in the period 1965-2021.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP3b
Direct human forcing: national and gridded historical population data for ISIMIP3b covering the periods 1850-1900, 1901-2021 and 2015-2100. Estimates are available for total as well as urban and rural population counts. For the time period 1850-2015 the data is identical to the population dataset published for ISIMIP3a based on HYDE v3.3.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcing: national and gridded historical population data for ISIMIP3a in the period 1850 to 2014. Estimates are available for total as well as urban and rural population counts.
Protocol
Emissions
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Globally averaged co2 and ch4 annual data. Covering the periods 1850-2014 (historical, picontrol) and 2015-2100 (ssp126, ssp370, ssp585)
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing ocean variables. Global monthly 1ºx1º NOAA UKESM1-0-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 all-forcing simulation of: pre-industrial control, the recent past, update of RCP2.6 based on SSP1, gap-filling scenario reaching 7.0 based on SSP3, and update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing ocean variables. Global monthly 2ºx2º NOAA MRI-ESM2-0 model output prepared for CMIP6 all-forcing simulation of: pre-industrial control, the recent past, update of RCP2.6 based on SSP1, gap-filling scenario reaching 7.0 based on SSP3, and update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing ocean variables. Global monthly 1ºx1º NOAA MPI-ESM1-2-HR model output prepared for CMIP6 all-forcing simulation of: pre-industrial control, the recent past, update of RCP2.6 based on SSP1, gap-filling scenario reaching 7.0 based on SSP3, and update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing ocean variables. Global monthly 1ºx1º NOAA IPSL-CM6A-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 all-forcing simulation of: pre-industrial control, the recent past, update of RCP2.6 based on SSP1, gap-filling scenario reaching 7.0 based on SSP3, and update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing ocean variables. Global monthly 1ºx1º NOAA GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 all-forcing simulation of: pre-industrial control, the recent past, update of RCP2.6 based on SSP1, gap-filling scenario reaching 7.0 based on SSP3, and update of RCP8.5 based on SSP5
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcing. Monthly, 0.5º gridded data for periods 1850-2014 (ISIMIP3b) and 1850-2021 (ISIMIP3a), simulated by NCAR Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI).
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
GGCMI crop calendar for Phase 3.
Secondary
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Observed atmospheric climate. Version 2.0 of the W5E5 dataset covers the entire globe at 0.5° horizontal and daily temporal resolution from 1979 to 2019. The W5E5 dataset was compiled to support the bias adjustment of climate input data for the impact assessments carried out in phase 3b of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3b).
Secondary
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Observed atmospheric climate. Version 1.0 of the W5E5 dataset. It covers the entire globe at 0.5° horizontal and daily temporal resolution from 1979 to 2016. The W5E5 dataset was compiled to support the bias adjustment of climate input data for the impact assessments carried out in phase 3b of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3b).
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
We provide the fertilization rate per our five canonical crop types, i.e. for both annual and perennial C3 and C4 crops, as well as for nitrogen fixing crops. The variables’ names are fertl_c3ann, fertl_c3per, fertl_c4ann, fertl_c4per and fert_c3nfx. The data are provided on an annual times step on the land surface of a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid. The units are kilograms per year and per hectare. Data is available for the historical time period (1850-2014).
Protocol
Emissions
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Globally averaged co2 and ch4 annual data covering the periods 1850-1900 (transclim), 1850-2021 (obsclim, spinclim), and 1901-2021 (counterclim).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Atmospheric forcings - standard. GSWP3 and W5E5 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP3a. Daily data covering 1801-1900 (spinclim), 1851-1900 (transclim) and 1901-2019 (obsclim, counterclim) on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3a
We provide the fertilization rate per our five canonical crop types, i.e. for both annual and perennial C3 and C4 crops, as well as for nitrogen fixing crops. The variables’ names are fertl_c3ann, fertl_c3per, fertl_c4ann, fertl_c4per and fert_c3nfx. The data are provided on an annual times step on the land surface of a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid. The units are kilograms per year and per hectare. Data is available for the historical time period (1850-2021).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Atmospheric forcings - standard. CHELSA-W5E5 v1.0 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP3a. Daily data covering the period 1979-2016 on 30arcsec (~0.0083°x0.0083°), 90arcsec (0.025°x0.025°), 300arcsec (~0.083°x0.083°) and 1800arcsec (0.5°x0.5°) lat-lon grid.
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Atmospheric forcings - standard. 20CRv3 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP3a. Daily data covering the period 1801-1900 (spinclim), 1851-1900 (transclim), 1901-2015 (obsclim, counterclim) on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid.
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Atmospheric forcings - standard. 20CRv3-ERA5 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP3a. Daily data covering 1801-1900 (spinclim), 1851-1900 (transclim) and 1901-2021 (obsclim, counterclim) on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP3a
Climate related forcing: Atmospheric forcings - standard. 20CRv3-W5E5 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP3a. Daily data covering the period 1801-1900 (spinclim), 1851-1900 (transclim), 1901-2019 (obsclim, counterclim) on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid.
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from MRI-ESM2-0, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are: - hist-nat: hurs, huss, pr, prsn, ps, rlds, rsds, sfcwind, tas, tasmax, tasmin - ssp119 (SSP1-RCP1.9): pr, rlds, rsds, sfcwind, tas, tasmax, tasmin - ssp245 (SSP2-RCP4.5): pr, rlds, rsds, sfcwind, tas, tasmax, tasmin - ssp460 (SSP4-RCP6.0): pr, rlds, rsds, sfcwind, tas, tasmax, tasmin - ssp534-over (SSP5-RCP3.4): hurs, huss, pr, prsn, ps, rlds, rsds, sfcwind, tas, tasmax, tasmin
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from MPI-ESM1-2-HR, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are ssp245 (SSP2-RCP4.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from IPSL-CM6A-LR, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are ssp119 (SSP1-RCP1.9), ssp245 (SSP2-RCP4.5) and ssp460 (SSP4-RCP6.0).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from GFDL-ESM4, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are ssp245 (SSP2-RCP4.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from UKESM1-0-LL, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are ssp119 (SSP1-RCP1.9), ssp245 (SSP2-RCP4.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from MIROC6, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from EC-Earth3, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from CNRM-ESM2-1, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from CNRM-CM6-1, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling to 0.5 degree horizontal resolution of CMIP6 daily output from CanESM5, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Upscaled map of soil textures that is based on the HSWD 1.1 soil data, already used in ISIMIP2a.
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated ocean climate. Ocean data from the GCM CESM1-BGC. Data is available for the following time periods: piControl (1850-2100), historical (1850-2005), rcp85 (2006-2100).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of CMIP6 output from MRI-ESM2-0, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of CMIP6 output from IPSL-CM6A-LR, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of CMIP6 output from MPI-ESM1-2-HR, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of CMIP6 output from UKESM1-0-LL, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP3b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1601-1849), historical (1850-2014) and future (2015-2100) conditions provided based on the bias adjustment and statistical downscaling of CMIP6 output from GFDL-ESM4, using ISIMIP3BASD v2.5.0 and W5E5 v2.0. CMIP6 experiments used in ISIMIP3b are piControl, historical, ssp126 (SSP1-RCP2.6), ssp370 (SSP3-RCP7) and ssp585 (SSP5-RCP8.5).
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3a
Historical annual country-level wood harvesting and area fraction data covering the period 1850-2021, based on the LUH2 v2h Harmonization Data Set (see Hurtt et al. 2011; Hurtt et al. 2020; https://luh.umd.edu). It includes carbon biomass harvests for each country and year in [kg] and harvest areas in fractions [0-1] of the countries size.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
Direct human forcings. Historical annual land-use (LU) changes for the time periods 1850-2021 (ISIMIP3a) and 1850-2014 (ISIMIP3b), on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Annual gridded GDP data for 1861-2016.
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Climate related forcing: Observed atmospheric climate. GSWP3 and W5E5 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP2a. Daily data covering from 1901 to 2016 on a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Population (1860 - 2020) at country level, and on 0.5°x0.5° and 5arcmin grid level
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
EWEMBI global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP2a.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
ISIMIP Fast Track
Direct human forcings. Extension of GRanD reservoirs & dams data. For some dams for which no construction/commissioning years were given in GRanDv1.1, they were added by PIK according to various sources (see column “SOURCE”). The dam location data previously to 2010 is based on GRanDv1.1 (Lehner et al., 2011, DOI: 10.1890/100125), but adjusted to match the river-routing network in DDM30. After 2010, the data has been provided by Dr. Jida Wang, from Kansas State University (KSU). Mapping algorithm developed by Andreas Dobler. Manual mapping done by M.Rocío Rivas, PIK.
Secondary
Other
ISIMIP Fast Track
Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic warming. The data set includes: - Static maps (land use, economic variables, population) used to compute impacts - For each model realization, the merged global maps of economic damage for the historical (hist) and future (rcp8p5) periods, as well as statistic tables of impacts aggregated per continent and per country - For each model realization, the merged global maps of population affected computed with current socioeconomic conditions and with SSP3 and SSP5 population projections, and the statistic tables of impacts aggregated per continent and per country - Tables of variables used as input in the impact assessment procedure - Tables describing aggregated impact results
Secondary
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual global population data at 0.5° and 2.5' resolutions for the years 2006-2100 based on the population projections described in Jones & O’Neill (2016)
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Future (2006-2099) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from MIROC5. These data are analogous to the data described here: https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/details/21/ but for this RCP not included in the ISIMIP2b simulation protocol.
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Future (2006-2099) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from HadGEM2-ES. These data are analogous to the data described here: https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/details/52/ but for the this RCP not included in the ISIMIP2b simulation protocol.
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Future (2006-2299) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from IPSL-CM5A-LR. These data are analogous to the data described here: https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/details/53/ but for this RCP not included in the ISIMIP2b simulation protocol.
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Future (2006-2099) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from GFDL-ESM2M. These data are analogous to the data described here: https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/details/51/ but for this RCP not included in the ISIMIP2b simulation protocol.
Protocol
Land use
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Time-varying historical crop-land areas for 6 land-use types: rain-fed crop land, irrigated crop-land, rain-fed bioenergy, irrigated bio-energy, pastures, natural vegetation and urban areas. For more specific information, thd data are provided in 5 different resolutions of land-use types: landuse-totals: the land surface is broadly categorized into rainfed (cropland_rainfed) and irrigated cropland (cropland_irrigated), and into pastures (pastures) landuse-5crops: the distribution of the five predominant crop types (c3ann, c3per, c4ann, c4per and c3nfx), delineating both occurences of rainfed/irrigated crops and occurences of nutrition/bioenergy crops landuse-15crops: provides areas specific to either important species, e.g. wheat, or species groups, such as pulses landuse-pastures: pastures areas are split into managed pastures (managed_pastures) and rangeland (rangeland) landuse-urbanareas: provides the per-cell coverage of urban areas Data is available for the time period 2006-2099. For specifications on the different scenarios, please read the Specifications section below.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Country-level population data for the years 1861-2005.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual GDP data on a 0.5°x0.5° grid for 2006-2099.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual country-level GDP data for the SSP2 scenario for 2006-2100 based on a linear temporal interpolation of the OECD data.
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1661-1860), historical (1861-2005), future (RCP2.6 (2006-2100), RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 (2006-2099)) and extended-future (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 (2100-2299)) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from IPSL-CM5A-LR.
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcings: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1661-1860), historical (1861-2005), future (RCP2.6 (2006-2100), RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 (2006-2099)) and extended-future (RCP2.6, 2100-2299) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from HadGEM2-ES.
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1661-1860), historical (1861-2005) and future (RCP2.6 (2006-2099), RCP6.0 (2006-2099) and RCP8.5 (2006-2099)) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from GFDL-ESM2M.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Catch data by country or EEZ or LME or globally. Covers 1950-2015.
Protocol
Land use
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Time-varying historical crop-land areas for 12 crop-functional types and pastures for rainfed and irrigated land use for the years 1700-2012. Based on MIRCA 2000 and historical trends from HYDE 3.0.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
ISIMIP Fast Track
Land-sea masks, on a global 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid, for the different ISIMIP simulation rounds.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Water abstraction for domestic and industrial uses consistent with SSP2. ISIMIP2b: Histsoc (1901-2018). ISIMIP2b: Histsoc (1901-2005); rcp26soc (2006-2099); rcp60soc (2006-2099); 2100rcp26soc (2100-2299). ISIMIP3a: 1901soc, histsoc and 2015soc (1850-2021). ISIMIP3b: 1850soc (1601-2100), histsoc (1601-2014) and 2015soc (1601-2100).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Non bias-corrected 3D oceanic temperature fields on original GCM grid with monthly resolution from the GCMs: IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC5, HadGEM2-ES.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP2b
Non bias-corrected 3D humidity and temperature fields on original GCM grid with monthly resolution from the GCMs: IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC5, HadGEM2-ES.
Protocol
Emissions
ISIMIP2b
Atmospheric CO2 concentration for 1661-2299. Values are constant for 1661-1860, following observations from 1861-2005, and correspond to rcp26, rcp60 and rcp85 from 2006-2299.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP2b
Uncorrected daily wind components at 250hPa and 850hPa on original GCM grid for the GCMs: GFDL-ESM2M (1861-2100), MIROC5 (1850-2300), IPSL-CM5A-LR (1850-2300) & HadGEM-ES (1959-2299).
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP3b
ISIMIP3a
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
DDM30 River-routing network data.
Secondary
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2b
The EWEMBI dataset was compiled to support the bias correction of climate input data for ISIMIP2b and the ISIMIP2a protocol extension. For a full technical description, see "Data source" below. Data is available for the time period 1979-2016.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual country-level population, urban population and age structure (in five-year age bands) based on SSP2 from IIASA (population & age structure) and NCAR (urbanshare). Data is available for the following time periods: Annual country-level population (2006-2299), urban population (2006-2299), age structure (2010-2100).
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual global population data at 0.5° and 5' resolutions for the years 2006-2099 based on the national SSP2 population projections as described in Samir and Lutz, (2014).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP Fast Track
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Daily-resolution, bias-corrected climate data from the global climate models MIROC-ESM-CHEM, NorES1-M, IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES covering the period 1950-2099 (historical run up to 2004, then split into 4 RCPs), downscaled to a 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid. For a full technical description, see the DOI link below (Hempel, et al., 2013a).
Secondary
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Simulated ocean climate. The ESM2M run is a fully coupled free running climate model forced by historical and future scenario GHGaerosol, solar boundary conditions without flux adjustment or other restoring to observations using TOPAZv2 as in Dunne et al 2013. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1 Data is available for the following time periods: historical (1950-2005), rcp26 (2006-2100), rcp45 (2006-2100), rcp60 (2006-2100), rcp85 (2006-2100).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Climate related forcing: Simulated ocean climate. The COBALT run is as described in: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661113001079. It uses the same basic ocean-ice setup as Dunne et al., 2013 but is forced with reanalysis. Data is available for the following time period: historical (1959-2004).
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
ISIMIP Fast Track
** This data set has been expanded with missing construction/commissioning years, see https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/details/75/ ** The dam data is based on GRanDv1.1 (Lehner et al., 2011, DOI: 10.1890/100125), but adjusted to match the river-routing in DDM30. After 2010, the data has been provided by Dr. Jida Wang, from Kansas State University (KSU). Use of these data sets is recommended but, if unfeasible, groups may use their default dataset. For a comparison of this dataset with the default WaterGAP and LPJmL datasets, see https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d966db9c7b2949ac8380458d7020adf9
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Daily-resolution observed climate data on a global (land and ocean) 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid from the Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 3 (GSWP3), based on the reanalysis data set 20CR and using the bias targets GPCC, GPCP, CPC-Unified, CRU and SRB. The data set covers the period 1901‐2010. For more information about GSWP3's scope, experiment design, framework, etc. see https://www.isimip.org/documents/405/GSWP3.forcing.HyungjunKim20140306.HJKIM.pdf
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. Annual country-level GDP data for 1850-2016. Please contact geiger@pik-potsdam.de for any questions or feedback directly.
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Daily-resolution observed climate data on a global (land and ocean) 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid. GSWP3 Derived from the Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 3 (GSWP3), based on the reanalysis data set 20CR and using the bias targets GPCC, GPCP, CPC-Unified, CRU and SRB. This data set covers the period 1901‐2010. GSWP3-EWEMBI EWEMBI global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP2a (http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2019.004). Contains EWEMBI data and data from the GSWP3 dataset, developed by Hyungjun Kim with support by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (16H06291). This data set covers the period 1979-2016. GSWP3-W5E5 W5E5 global meteorological forcing data processed for ISIMIP2a/ISIMIP3a (http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2019.023). Contains W5E5 data and data from the GSWP3 dataset, developed by Hyungjun Kim with support by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (16H06291). This data set covers the period 1979-2016. PGMFD v2.1 (Princeton) Derived from the Terrestrial Hydrology Group at Princeton University, based on the reanalysis data set NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I and using the bias targets CRU, SRB, TRMM, GPCP & WMO and validated against GSWP2. This data set covers the period 1901‐2012. WATCH (WFD) Derived from the WATCH Project, based on the reanalysis data set ERA-40 and using the bias target GPCC. The data set covers the period 1901‐2001. WATCH-WFDEI Based on the reanalysis data set ERA-Interim and using the bias target GPCC. The data set covers the period 1901‐2012, where the data for 1901-1978 are taken from WFD, and from 1979 onwards from WFDEI.GPCC
Protocol
Land use
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Historical land-use (LU) changes from the HYDE3.2 data (Klein Goldewijk, 2016) (see Figure 3). Data for the time period 1861-2005.
Protocol
Land use
ISIMIP Fast Track
Direct human forcings. Harvested areas based on the MIRCA data set, covering irrigated and rainfed landuse.
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP2b
Direct human forcings. Annual global population data at 0.5° and 5' resolutions for the years 1861-2005 on a 0.5° and 5' grid.
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
Climate related forcing: Simulated ocean climate. Ocean data from the GCM IPSL-CM5A-LR. ISIMIP2a data is available for the following time periods: historical (1950-2005), rcp26 (2006-2100), rcp45 (2006-2100), rcp60 (2006-2100), rcp85 (2006-2100). ISIMIP2b data is available for the following time periods: picontrol (1800-2100).
Protocol
Simulated climate
ISIMIP2b
Climate related forcing: Simulated atmospheric climate. Pre-industrial (1661-1860), historical (1861-2005), future (RCP2.6 (2006-2100), RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 (2006-2099)) and extended-future (RCP2.6, 2100-2299) conditions provided based on CMIP5 output from MIROC5.
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
Direct human forcings. We provide the fertilization rate per our five canonical crop types, i.e. for both annual and perennial C3 and C4 crops, as well as for nitrogen fixing crops. The variables’ names are fertl_c3ann, fertl_c3per, fertl_c4ann, fertl_c4per and fert_c3nfx. The data are provided on an annual times step on the land surface of a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid. The units are kilograms per year and per hectare. ISIMIP2a/ISIMIP2b: Data is available for the following time periods: historical (1861-2005), rcp26soc+rcp60soc (2006-2099) (see below for detailed information).
Protocol
Other human influences
ISIMIP2b
ISIMIP2a
ISIMIP2b: Annual and monthly, 0.5° gridded data for 1850-2099 derived from the average of three atmospheric chemistry models (i.e., GISS-E2-R, CCSM-CAM3.5, and GFDL-AM3) in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). ISIMIP2a: Monthly, 0.5° gridded data for 1860-2016, simulated by NCAR Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Daily-resolution observed climate data on a global (land and ocean) 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid from the Terrestrial Hydrology Group at Princeton University, based on the reanalysis data set NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I and using the bias targets CRU, SRB, TRMM, GPCP & WMO and validated against GSWP2. The data set covers the period 1901‐2012
Protocol
Socio-economic
ISIMIP Fast Track
Direct human forcings. Historical (1950-2009) and future projections (2010-2100) of country-level and gridded population data based on the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) for SSP1-SSP5.
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP2b
Uncorrected pressure and wind fields at 10m above the land surface with 3-hrly resolution for the GCMs IPSL-CM5A-LR (1861-2299), MIROC5 (1861-2099) and GFDL-ESM2M (1861-2099).
Protocol
Other
ISIMIP2b
Total climate-driven regional sea level projections on a global 0.5x0.5° grid. Projection is a combination of ocean dynamic sea level fields and steric global contribution from the ISIMIP GCMs, and the fingerprints from glaciers and the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. The time-dependent fingerpints were generated by scaling a time-independent fingerprint (see Bamber and Riva 2010) with the respective global timeseries for each contribution. Uncertainty for fingerprints is only from the global timeseries. Data is available for following time periods: historical (1861-2005), rcp26 (2006-2099; HadGEM2-ES and IPSL-CM5A-LR extended to 2299), rcp60 (2006-2099) (See below for detailed information).
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Daily resolution climate data on a global 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid: Derived from the WATCH Project, based on the reanalysis data set ERA-40 and using the bias correction target GPCC for monthly rainfall and snowfall sums. The data set covers the period 1901‐2001. Related website: http://www.waterandclimatechange.eu/about/watch-forcing-data-20th-century When referring to the WATCH data set, the following paper should be cited: Weedon, G.P., S.S. Gomes, P.P. Viterbo, W.J. Shuttleworth, E.E. Blyth, H.H. Österle, J.C. Adam, N.N. Bellouin, O.O. Boucher, and M.M. Best, 2011: Creation of the WATCH Forcing Data and Its Use to Assess Global and Regional Reference Crop Evaporation over Land during the Twentieth Century. J. Hydrometeor., 12, 823–848, doi: 10.1175/2011JHM1369.1
Protocol
Observed/Historical climate
ISIMIP2a
Daily-resolution observed climate data on a global (land only) 0.5°x0.5° lat-lon grid, based on the reanalysis data sets ERA-40 (for WATCH) and ERA-Interim (for WFDEI) and using the bias correction target GPCC for monthly rainfall and snowfall sums. The data set covers the period 1901‐2012, where the data for 1901-1978 are taken from WATCH, and from 1979 onwards from WFDEI.